Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla avuselelekayo ehlabathi aphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic yenze impumelelo eqhubekayo. Ngo-2024, iprojekthi enkulu evulekileyo ye-photovoltaic ye-offshore emhlabeni yaxhunywa ngempumelelo kwigridi e-Shandong, e-China, eyaphinda yatsala ingqalelo yoshishino kwikamva le-photovoltaics ye-offshore. Le projekthi ayibonisi kuphela ukukhula kweteknoloji ye-photovoltaic ye-offshore, kodwa inika isikhokelo esitsha sokuphuhliswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwixesha elizayo. Ke, kutheni i-photovoltaic ye-offshore ithandwa kangaka? Athini amathemba ophuhliso lwexesha elizayo?
1. Izinto eziluncedo kwi-photovoltaics ye-offshore: Kutheni kufanelekile ukuphuhlisa?
I-photovoltaics ye-Offshore (i-Offshore Floating PV) ibhekiselele ekufakweni kweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kumphezulu wolwandle ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwamandla. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-photovoltaics yomhlaba wendabuko, ineenzuzo ezininzi:
1. Ukulondolozwa kobutyebi bomhlaba
Izikhululo zamandla e-photovoltaic zomhlaba zithatha izibonelelo ezininzi zomhlaba, ngelixa i-photovoltaics ye-offshore isebenzisa indawo yolwandle, enceda ukunciphisa iingxaki zokuxinana komhlaba, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi okanye iindawo ezinobuncwane obunqabileyo bomhlaba.
2. Ukwenziwa kombane ngamandla
Ngenxa yobushushu obuzinzile elwandle, umphumo wokupholisa womzimba wamanzi wenza ukushisa kweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic ziphantsi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kwamandla.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaics ye-offshore ingaba yi-5% ~ 10% ephezulu kuneyomhlaba we-photovoltaics.
3. Ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwamandla ahlaziyekayo
I-photovoltaics ye-Offshore inokudibaniswa namandla omoya we-offshore ukwenza "i-wind-solar complementary" inkqubo yamandla ukuphucula ukuzinza kokunikezelwa kwamandla.
Isenokudityaniswa nemizi-mveliso efana nefama yaselwandle kunye nokususwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle ukuze kuphunyezwe uphuhliso olunemisebenzi emininzi.
4. Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kothuli kunye nokuphucula ukucoceka kweepaneli ze-photovoltaic
I-photovoltaics yomhlaba ichaphazeleka lula yintlabathi kunye nodaka, okubangelwa ukungcoliswa komhlaba kweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, ngelixa i-photovoltaics ye-offshore ayichatshazelwa kangako yile nto kwaye ineendleko zokulondoloza eziphantsi.
2. Iprojekthi enkulu ye-photovoltaic ye-offshore yehlabathi: Indima yokubonisa i-Shandong
Uqhagamshelo lwegridi oluyimpumelelo lweprojekthi enkulu ye-photovoltaic evulekileyo ye-offshore e-Dongying, eShandong, iphawula inqanaba elitsha le-photovoltaics ye-offshore ukuya kuphuhliso olukhulu kunye norhwebo. Iimpawu zeprojekthi ziquka:
1. Umthamo omkhulu ofakelweyo: Isikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic esikwinqanaba le-Gigawatt esikwi-offshore, esinomthamo ofakiweyo we-1GW, yiprojekthi yokuqala yehlabathi ukufikelela kweli nqanaba.
2. Umgama omde we-offshore: Le projekthi ibekwe kwindawo yolwandle iikhilomitha ezisi-8 kude nonxweme, ilungelelaniswa nemekobume yaselwandle entsonkothileyo, ingqina ukuba nokwenzeka kobugcisa be-offshore photovoltaics.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obuphezulu: Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion, ukusebenza ngobukrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zokulondolozwa kunye nezibiyeli ezidadayo kuphucule ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kweprojekthi.
Le projekthi ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo kuphela kwinguqu yamandla eTshayina, kodwa ikwabonelela ngamava kwamanye amazwe ukuba afunde kwaye akhuthaze uphuhliso lwe-photovoltaics ye-offshore yehlabathi.
III. Ubume bangoku kunye neendlela ezizayo ze-photovoltaics zangaphandle kwelizwe jikelele
1. Amazwe aphambili apho i-photovoltaics ye-offshore isetyenziswa ngoku
Okwangoku, ukongeza eTshayina, amazwe anje ngeNetherlands, iJapan, kunye neSingapore nawo asebenza ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa i-photovoltaics ye-offshore.
I-Netherlands: Kwangoko ngo-2019, iprojekthi ye-"North Sea Solar" yasungulwa ukuze iphonononge ukuba nokwenzeka kwe-photovoltaics ye-offshore kuLwandle lwaseNyakatho.
IJapan: Ilinganiselwe ngummandla womhlaba, iphuhlise ngamandla itekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic edadayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye yakhe izikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezininzi ezingaphesheya.
I-Singapore: Iprojekthi ye-photovoltaic enkulu emhlabeni jikelele edadayo kwi-offshore (i-60MW) yakhiwe kwaye iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-photovoltaic ye-offshore.
2. Imizila yexesha elizayo ekuphuhliseni i-photovoltaics ye-offshore
(1) Uphuhliso oludityanisiweyo olunamandla omoya ovela kude nonxweme
Kwixesha elizayo, i-photovoltaics ye-offshore kunye namandla omoya we-offshore iya kwenza ngokuthe ngcembe imodeli "yelanga ehambelanayo yomoya", isebenzisa indawo yolwandle efanayo kuphuhliso olubanzi lwamandla. Oku akunako ukunciphisa iindleko zokwakha kuphela, kodwa nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
(2) Ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokunciphisa iindleko
Okwangoku, i-photovoltaics ye-offshore isajongene nemingeni yobugcisa efana netyuwa yokutshiza ityuwa, impembelelo yomoya kunye namaza, kunye nokugcinwa okunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-corrosion-resistant photovoltaic components, ukusebenza okuhlakaniphile kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokulawulwa kwe-AI, iindleko zokwakha kunye nokugcinwa kwe-photovoltaics ye-offshore ziya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwixesha elizayo.
(3) Inkqubo kunye nenkxaso yotyalo-mali
Oorhulumente bamazwe ahlukeneyo bakhulisa inkxaso yabo yomgaqo-nkqubo we-photovoltaics engaselunxwemeni, umzekelo:
I-China: "Isicwangciso se-14 seminyaka emihlanu" isekela ngokucacileyo ukuphuhliswa kwamandla amatsha ase-offshore kwaye ikhuthaza uphuhliso olulungelelanisiweyo lwe-photovoltaics ye-offshore kunye namandla omoya olwandle.
I-EU: Icetywayo "i-European Green Deal" kwaye iceba ukwakha isiseko esikhulu samandla ahlaziyekayo e-offshore nge-2050, apho i-photovoltaics iya kuba nesabelo esibalulekileyo.
IV. Imingeni kunye neendlela zokujongana ne-photovoltaics ye-offshore
Nangona i-photovoltaics ye-offshore inamathemba abanzi, basajongene nemingeni ethile, efana nale:
1. Imingeni yobugcisa
Uyilo oluchasayo lomoya kunye namaza: amacandelo e-photovoltaic kunye nezibiyeli kufuneka zimelane nemimandla enzima yaselwandle (njengezaqhwithi kunye namaza aphezulu).
Izinto ezichasene nokubola: Amanzi olwandle agqwesa kakhulu, kwaye iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic, izibiyeli, izihlanganisi, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-25-2025