M'zaka zaposachedwa, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa padziko lonse lapansi zakula mwachangu, makamaka ukadaulo wopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic wapanga zotsogola mosalekeza. Mu 2024, polojekiti yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yotseguka ya photovoltaic idalumikizidwa bwino ndi gululi ku Shandong, China, yomwe idakopanso chidwi chamakampani ku tsogolo la ma photovoltaics akunyanja. Pulojekitiyi sikuti imangosonyeza kukula kwa teknoloji ya photovoltaic ya kunyanja, komanso imapereka njira yatsopano yopangira mphamvu zowonjezereka m'tsogolomu. Ndiye, chifukwa chiyani photovoltaic yakunyanja ndiyotchuka kwambiri? Kodi tsogolo la chitukuko ndi chiyani?
1. Ubwino wa ma photovoltaics akunyanja: Chifukwa chiyani ndikofunikira kukulitsa?
Offshore photovoltaics (Offshore Floating PV) amatanthauza kuyika ma module a photovoltaic panyanja kuti apange mphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi ma photovoltais achikhalidwe, ali ndi zabwino zambiri:
1. Kusamalira nthaka
Malo opangira magetsi amtundu wa photovoltaic amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zapamtunda, pomwe ma photovoltaics akunyanja amagwiritsa ntchito danga la nyanja, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto a nthaka, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri kapena madera omwe alibe nthaka.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri
Chifukwa cha kutentha kokhazikika panyanja, kuzizira kwa thupi lamadzi kumapangitsa kutentha kwa ma photovoltaic modules kutsika, potero kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zikhale bwino.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mphamvu yopanga mphamvu ya photovoltaics ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ikhoza kukhala 5% ~ 10% kuposa ya photovoltaics yamtunda.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa
Ma photovoltaics akunyanja amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti apange mphamvu ya "mphepo-solar complementary" kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwamagetsi.
Itha kuphatikizidwanso ndi mafakitale monga kudyetsera ziweto zam'madzi ndikuchotsa madzi am'nyanja kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chophatikizika chamitundumitundu.
4. Kuchepetsa kutsekereza fumbi ndikuwongolera ukhondo wa mapanelo a photovoltaic
Ma photovoltaics amtunda amakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi mchenga ndi matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonongeka kwapamwamba kwa ma modules a photovoltaic, pamene photovoltaics ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi ndipo imakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zosamalira.
2. Pulojekiti yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ya photovoltaic: Ntchito yowonetsera Shandong
Kulumikizana bwino kwa gridi kwa polojekiti yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yotseguka yapanyanja ku Dongying, Shandong, ndikuwonetsa gawo latsopano la ma photovoltais akunyanja kupita pachitukuko chachikulu komanso chamalonda. Makhalidwe a polojekitiyi ndi awa:
1. Kuthekera kwakukulu koyikidwa: Gigawatt-level photovoltaic power station ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zonse zoikidwa za 1GW, ndi polojekiti yoyamba padziko lapansi kufika pamtunda umenewu.
2. Mtunda wautali wam'mphepete mwa nyanja: Pulojekitiyi ili m'dera la nyanja makilomita 8 kumtunda, kugwirizanitsa ndi malo ovuta a m'nyanja, kutsimikizira kuthekera kwaumisiri wa photovoltaics za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba: Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, kachitidwe kanzeru ndi kasamalidwe kazinthu ndi mabulaketi oyandama kwathandizira kudalirika komanso kulimba kwa polojekitiyi.
Ntchitoyi sikuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pakusintha mphamvu ku China, komanso imapereka chidziwitso kwa mayiko ena kuti aphunzire ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha photovoltaics padziko lonse lapansi.
III. Mkhalidwe wapano ndi zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo mwapadziko lonse lapansi photovoltaics yapanyanja
1. Maiko akuluakulu komwe ma photovoltais akunyanja akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano
Pakalipano, kuwonjezera ku China, mayiko monga Netherlands, Japan, ndi Singapore akugwiritsanso ntchito ma photovoltais akunyanja.
Netherlands: Kumayambiriro kwa 2019, pulojekiti ya "North Sea Solar" idakhazikitsidwa kuti ifufuze kuthekera kwa ma photovoltaics akunyanja ku North Sea.
Japan: Mochepa ndi dera lamtunda, yapanga mwamphamvu ukadaulo wa photovoltaic woyandama m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo yamanga malo angapo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi kunyanja.
Singapore: Pulojekiti yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse yoyandama ya photovoltaic (60MW) yamangidwa ndipo ikupitiriza kulimbikitsa ma photovoltaic ochuluka a m'nyanja.
2. Zochitika zam'tsogolo pakupanga ma photovoltaics akunyanja
(1) Kukula kophatikizidwa ndi mphamvu yamphepo yakunyanja
M'tsogolomu, ma photovoltaics a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mphamvu za mphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja zidzapanga pang'onopang'ono chitsanzo cha "mphepo-solar complementary", pogwiritsa ntchito dera lomwelo la nyanja kuti apange mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu. Izi sizingachepetse ndalama zomanga, komanso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.
(2) Kupambana kwaukadaulo ndi kuchepetsa mtengo
Pakalipano, ma photovoltais akunyanja akukumanabe ndi zovuta zamakono monga kutsekemera kwa mchere, mphepo ndi mafunde, komanso kukonza zovuta. Komabe, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa matekinoloje monga zigawo za photovoltaic zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru ndi kukonza, komanso kasamalidwe ka AI, ndalama zomanga ndi kukonza ma photovoltaics akunyanja zidzachepa pang'onopang'ono m'tsogolomu.
(3) Thandizo la ndondomeko ndi ndalama
Maboma akumayiko osiyanasiyana akuwonjezera thandizo lawo pama photovoltais akunyanja, mwachitsanzo:
China: "Mapulani a Zaka Zisanu za 14" amathandizira momveka bwino chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo amalimbikitsa chitukuko chogwirizana cha photovoltaics ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mphamvu ya mphepo yamkuntho.
EU: Anakonza "European Green Deal" ndipo akukonzekera kumanga maziko akuluakulu a mphamvu zowonjezera kunyanja ndi 2050, zomwe photovoltaics idzawerengera gawo lofunika kwambiri.
IV. Zovuta ndi njira zothana ndi ma photovoltaics akunyanja
Ngakhale ma photovoltais akunyanja ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu, amakumanabe ndi zovuta zina, monga:
1. Mavuto aukadaulo
Mapangidwe osagwirizana ndi mphepo ndi mafunde: zigawo za photovoltaic ndi mabatani ziyenera kupirira madera ovuta a m'madzi (monga mvula yamkuntho ndi mafunde akuluakulu).
Zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri: Madzi a m'nyanja ndi owononga kwambiri, ndipo ma modules a photovoltaic, mabulaketi, zolumikizira, ndi zina zotero ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolimbana ndi kutsekemera kwa mchere.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-25-2025