Eminyakeni yamuva, amandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke athuthuke ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic buye benza impumelelo eqhubekayo. Ngo-2024, iphrojekthi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni evulekile ye-photovoltaic ye-offshore yaxhunywa ngempumelelo kugridi e-Shandong, e-China, eyaphinda yadonsa ukunaka kwemboni ngekusasa lama-photovoltaics asogwini. Le phrojekthi ayibonisi nje kuphela ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic ye-offshore, kodwa futhi inikeza isiqondiso esisha sokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, kungani i-photovoltaic yasolwandle ithandwa kangaka? Ayini amathemba entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo?
1. Izinzuzo zama-photovoltaics angasogwini: Kungani kufanelekile ukuthuthukisa?
I-Offshore photovoltaics (i-Offshore Floating PV) ibhekisela ekufakweni kwamamojula e-photovoltaic endaweni yolwandle ukuze kuphehlwe amandla. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-photovoltaics yomhlaba wendabuko, inezinzuzo eziningi:
1. Ukongiwa kwezinsiza zomhlaba
Iziteshi zamandla ze-photovoltaic zomhlaba zithatha izinsiza eziningi zomhlaba, kuyilapho ama-photovoltaics angasogwini esebenzisa indawo yolwandle, okusiza ekudambiseni izinkinga zokungezwani komhlaba, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziminyene noma ezindaweni ezinemithombo yomhlaba eyindlala.
2. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuphehla amandla
Ngenxa yokushisa okuzinzile olwandle, umphumela wokupholisa womzimba wamanzi wenza izinga lokushisa lamamojula we-photovoltaic libe phansi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza ama-photovoltaics angasogwini angaba ngu-5% ~ 10% ngaphezu kwalokho kwe-photovoltaics yomhlaba.
3. Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamandla avuselelekayo
Ama-photovoltaics ase-Offshore angahlanganiswa namandla omoya angasogwini ukuze kwakheke uhlelo lwamandla oluhambisana “nomoya welanga” ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla.
Ingabuye ihlanganiswe nezimboni ezifana nezamafuyo olwandle kanye nokukhipha usawoti emanzini olwandle ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe okunemisebenzi eminingi.
4. Yehlisa ukuvimbela uthuli futhi uthuthukise ukuhlanzeka kwamapaneli we-photovoltaic
Ama-photovoltaics omhlaba athinteka kalula ngesihlabathi nodaka, okuholela ekungcolisweni komhlaba kwamamojula we-photovoltaic, kuyilapho ama-photovoltaics e-offshore engathinteki kakhulu kulokhu futhi anezindleko eziphansi zokulondoloza.
2. Iphrojekthi ye-photovoltaic ye-offshore enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni: indima yokubonisa kaShandong
Uxhumano lwegridi oluyimpumelelo lwephrojekthi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni evulekile ye-photovoltaic yasogwini e-Dongying, eShandong, kuphawula isigaba esisha se-photovoltaics yasolwandle ekuthuthukisweni kwesilinganiso esikhulu nokwezentengiselwano. Izici zephrojekthi zihlanganisa:
1. Umthamo omkhulu ofakiwe: Isiteshi sikagesi se-photovoltaic esingaphesheya kwezilwandle esinezinga le-Gigawatt, esinomthamo ophelele ofakiwe we-1GW, iphrojekthi yokuqala emhlabeni ukufinyelela kuleli zinga.
2. Ibanga elide elingasogwini: Le phrojekthi itholakala endaweni yolwandle amakhilomitha angu-8 nogu, ijwayelana nemvelo yasolwandle eyinkimbinkimbi, okufakazela ukuba nokwenzeka kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaics yasolwandle.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe: Ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezimelana nokugqwala, ukusebenza okuhlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokulungisa kanye nabakaki abantantayo kuthuthukise ukwethembeka nokuqina kwephrojekthi.
Le phrojekthi ayiyona nje ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile ekuguquleni amandla e-China, kodwa futhi inikeza ulwazi kwamanye amazwe ukuze afunde futhi akhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwama-photovoltaics aphesheya kwezilwandle.
III. Isimo samanje namathrendi wesikhathi esizayo we-photovoltaics ye-offshore global
1. Amazwe amakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-photovoltaics angasolwandle okwamanje
Njengamanje, ngaphezu kweChina, amazwe anjengeNetherlands, Japan, neSingapore nawo asabalalisa ama-photovoltaics asolwandle.
I-Netherlands: Ekuqaleni kuka-2019, kwaqalwa iphrojekthi ye-"North Sea Solar" ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ama-photovoltaics asolwandle eNorth Sea.
I-Japan: Inqunyelwe indawo esemhlabeni, ithuthukise ngamandla ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic obuntantayo eminyakeni yamuva futhi yakhe iziteshi zamandla kagesi ze-photovoltaic ezimbalwa zasolwandle.
I-Singapore: Iphrojekthi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni entantayo ye-offshore photovoltaic (60MW) yakhiwe futhi iyaqhubeka nokuphromotha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-photovoltaic zasolwandle.
2. Izitayela zesikhathi esizayo ekuthuthukisweni kwama-photovoltaics angasogwini
(1) Intuthuko edidiyelwe namandla omoya asogwini lolwandle
Ngokuzayo, ama-photovoltaics angasolwandle namandla omoya angasogwini kancane kancane azokwakha imodeli “ehambisana nelanga elihambisana nomoya, esebenzisa indawo yolwandle efanayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla aphelele. Lokhu akukwazi ukunciphisa kuphela izindleko zokwakha, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
(2) Ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko
Njengamanje, ama-photovoltaics angasolwandle asabhekene nezinselelo zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti, umthelela womoya namagagasi, kanye nokugcinwa kanzima. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obufana nezingxenye ze-photovoltaic ezingagqwali, ukusebenza nokugcinwa okuhlakaniphile, kanye nokuphathwa kwe-AI, izindleko zokwakha nezokugcina ama-photovoltaics asogwini zizokwehla kancane kancane esikhathini esizayo.
(3) Ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo nokutshalwa kwezimali
Ohulumeni bamazwe ahlukahlukene bakhulisa ukwesekwa kwabo kwenqubomgomo yama-photovoltais angasogwini, isibonelo:
I-China: "Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu" lusekela ngokucacile ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha olwandle futhi lukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuhlelekile kwama-photovoltaics angasogwini kanye namandla omoya olwandle.
I-EU: Ihlongoze "i-European Green Deal" futhi ihlela ukwakha isisekelo esikhulu samandla avuselelekayo angasogwini ngo-2050, lapho i-photovoltaics izoba nesabelo esibalulekile.
IV. Izinselelo namasu okubhekana nawo ama-photovoltaics asolwandle
Yize ama-photovoltaics angasolwandle enamathemba abanzi, asabhekene nezinselelo ezithile, njenge:
1. Izinselele zobuchwepheshe
Idizayini engazweli komoya namagagasi: izingxenye ze-photovoltaic nobakaki zidinga ukumelana nezindawo zasolwandle ezinokhahlo (njengezishingishane namagagasi aphezulu).
Izinto ezilwa nokugqwala: Amanzi olwandle agqwala kakhulu, futhi amamojula e-photovoltaic, abakaki, izixhumi, njll. adinga ukusebenzisa izinto ezimelana nokugqwala kukasawoti.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-25-2025