I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu wikiwiki ka ikehu hou o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻenehana hana mana photovoltaic i hana mau i nā holomua. I ka makahiki 2024, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka pāhana kiʻi paʻi kiʻi ākea ākea nui loa o ka honua i ka grid ma Shandong, Kina, ka mea i hoʻohuli hou i ka manaʻo o ka ʻoihana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā photovoltaics o waho. ʻAʻole kēia papahana e hōʻailona wale i ka oʻo o ka ʻenehana photovoltaic o waho, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i kahi ala hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila, no ke aha i kaulana loa ai ka photovoltaic o waho? He aha nā manaʻo hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana?
1. Nā pōmaikaʻi o nā photovoltaics o waho: No ke aha e pono ai ka hoʻomohala ʻana?
ʻO nā photovoltaics o waho (Offshore Floating PV) e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā modula photovoltaic ma ka ʻili kai no ka hana mana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā photovoltaics ʻāina kuʻuna, he nui kona mau pono:
1. Mālama waiwai ʻāina
He nui nā kumuwaiwai ʻāina i nā hale mana photovoltaic, ʻoiai hoʻohana nā photovoltaics o waho i ka moana, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pilikia o ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi ākea a i ʻole nā wahi ʻuʻuku o ka ʻāina.
2. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana mana
Ma muli o ke ʻano paʻa o ka mahana ma ke kai, ʻo ka hopena ʻoluʻolu o ke kino wai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana o nā modula photovoltaic, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana mana.
Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i ka mana o nā photovoltaics o waho e hiki ke 5% ~ 10% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā photovoltaics ʻāina.
3. Hoʻohana piha i ka ikehu hou
Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā photovoltaics o waho me ka mana makani o waho e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana ikehu "wind-solar complementary" e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa o ka lako ikehu.
Hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā ʻoihana e like me ka ranching moana a me ka desalination wai kai e hoʻokō i ka hoʻomohala hoʻohui multifunctional.
4. E ho'ēmi i ka pale lepo a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻemaʻe o nā paneli photovoltaic
Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā photovoltaic ʻāina e ke one a me ka lepo, e hopena i ka pollution ili o nā modula photovoltaic, ʻoiai ʻo nā photovoltaics o waho e liʻiliʻi i ka hopena o kēia a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nā kumukūʻai mālama.
2. ʻO ka papahana photovoltaic waho loa o ka honua: ʻO ka hana hōʻike a Shandong
ʻO ka hoʻohui pūnaewele holomua o ka papahana kiʻi kiʻi ākea ākea nui loa o ka honua ma Dongying, Shandong, e hōʻailona ana i kahi pae hou o nā photovoltaics waho i ka hoʻomohala nui a me ka hoʻomohala pāʻoihana. Aia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka papahana:
1. Nui i hoʻokomo 'ia: Gigawatt-level offshore photovoltaic power station, with a total installation capacity of 1GW, is the world's first project to reach this level.
2. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma waho o ke kahakai: Aia ka papahana ma kahi o ke kai 8 mau kilomita ma waho, e hoʻololi ana i ke kaiapuni moana paʻakikī, e hōʻoia ana i ka hiki ke kūpono o nā photovoltaics o waho.
3. Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana holomua: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana corrosion-resistant, naʻauao hana a me nā ʻōnaehana mālama a me nā bracket lana i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hilinaʻi a me ka lōʻihi o ka papahana.
ʻAʻole kēia papahana he mea koʻikoʻi nui i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu o Kina, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka ʻike no nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e aʻo mai a paipai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā photovoltaics o waho o ka honua.
III. ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me nā ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā photovoltaics o waho
1. ʻO nā ʻāina nui kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā photovoltaics o waho
I kēia manawa, ma waho aʻe o Kina, ʻo nā ʻāina e like me Netherlands, Iapana, a me Singapore ke hoʻohana ikaika nei i nā photovoltaics o waho.
Netherlands: I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2019, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka papahana "North Sea Solar" e ʻimi i ka hiki o nā photovoltaics waho ma ke Kai ʻĀkau.
Iapana: Ua kaupalena ʻia e ka ʻāina, ua hoʻomohala ikaika ʻo ia i ka ʻenehana photovoltaic lana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei a ua kūkulu ʻo ia i kekahi mau kikowaena mana photovoltaic waho.
Singapore: Ua kūkulu ʻia ka papahana kiʻi photovoltaic lana nui loa o ka honua (60MW) a ke hoʻomau nei i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā noi photovoltaic hou aku o waho.
2. Nā hana e hiki mai ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā photovoltaics o waho
(1) Hoʻomohala hoʻohui me ka mana makani waho
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hana mālie nā photovoltaics o waho a me ka makani o waho i ke ʻano hoʻohālike "wind-solar complementary", me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāpana kai like no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia ke hoʻemi wale i nā kumukūʻai kūkulu, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka ikehu.
(2) Nā holomua ʻenehana a me ka ho'ēmi kumu kūʻai
I kēia manawa, ke kū nei nā photovoltaics o waho i nā pilikia ʻenehana e like me ka paʻakai paʻakai ʻino, ka makani a me ka hopena nalu, a me ka mālama paʻakikī. Eia nō naʻe, me ka holomua ʻana o nā ʻenehana e like me nā ʻāpana photovoltaic kūpaʻa i ka corrosion, ka hana naʻauao a me ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻokele AI optimization, e emi mālie ke kumukūʻai o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana o nā photovoltaics o waho i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
(3) Kākoʻo kulekele a me ka hoʻokomo kālā
Ke hoʻonui nei nā aupuni o nā ʻāina like ʻole i kā lākou kākoʻo kulekele no nā photovoltaics o waho, no ka laʻana:
Kina: Ke kākoʻo maopopo nei ka "14th Five-Year Plan" i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu hou o waho a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā photovoltaics o waho a me ka mana makani o waho.
EU: Manaʻo ʻia ka "European Green Deal" a hoʻolālā e kūkulu i kahi waihona ikehu hou e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ma waho o 2050, ʻo ia ka photovoltaics e helu i kahi mahele nui.
IV. ʻO nā pilikia a me nā hoʻolālā hana o nā photovoltaics o waho
ʻOiai he mau manaʻo ākea nā photovoltaics o waho, ke kū nei lākou i kekahi mau pilikia, e like me:
1. Nā pilikia ʻenehana
ʻO ka hoʻolālā pale makani a me ka nalu: pono nā ʻāpana photovoltaic a me nā pale e kū i nā kaiapuni kai ʻino (e like me nā ʻino a me nā nalu kiʻekiʻe).
Nā mea kū'ē i ka ʻino: He mea ʻino loa ka wai kai, a pono e hoʻohana i nā mea paʻakai paʻakai, nā modula photovoltaic, brackets, connectors, etc.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-25-2025